Phytopharmacy & Phytomedicine — Phase 2

Extraction & Isolation Techniques

The second phase of phytopharmaceutical research converts authenticated plant material into a phytochemically meaningful extract ready for screening and standardisation. Because extraction efficiency and selectivity determine which phytoconstituents survive into downstream analysis, this phase covers the underlying principles of extraction, conventional and modern green extraction technologies, and the criteria for solvent selection in herbal extraction. It then addresses the isolation and purification of phytoconstituents through column chromatography, flash chromatography, and preparative HPLC, before concluding with marker compound isolation, yield optimisation and extract characterisation, and residual solvent and green chemistry reporting.